Figure 8.1

In figure 8.1 the sequence of two industrial processes has been given. Arrange the pictures in proper sequence and write the sequential number in the box given below.

• Name the two industries

• Name the raw material and the finished product of both these industries.

• How is the raw material converted into the finished product?

• Why is it necessary to convert the raw material into the finished product?

• The two industries are cotton industry and sugar industry.

• Cotton industry:

Raw material- cotton balls (i.e. raw cotton)

Final product- spun/ woven cloth.

Sugar industry:

Raw material- sugarcane

Final product- sugar/jaggery

• Cotton industry:

a. Cotton plants are cultivated and are grown in their respective seasons.

b. They are harvested and then sent to the factories in bulk quantities.

c. Here, they are refined and spun into threads, which are then dyed according to colour requirements.

d. Then, these threads are woven to create cloth.

Sugar industry:

a. Sugarcane, which is a year-long crop, is grown and harvested.

b. They are sent to the factories via roadways, i.e. mostly trucks.

c. At the factories, they are cut, juiced and prepared as per requirements.

d. This forms the final product, i.e. sugar.

• a. The conversion of raw materials into final goods is very essential because many of the products cannot be used in their raw state. Other than that, many a times, the value of finished product is much more than the raw material and can be used for earning huge profits. E.g. cotton clothes are more likely to earn profits rather than raw cotton.