Identify the landforms shown in the pictures and explain how they are formed.

In the picture A an ox-bow lake has been shown.

• Process of formation – Ox-bow lakes are prominent fluvial landforms in the middle and lower courses of rivers. It is formed through both erosion and deposition. Prolonged and continuous erosion and deposition causes the meanders to curve exponentially. Deposition causes the curve to break away from the main river which starts flowing in a straight manner. The detached curve forms a isolated water body which is called an ox-bow lake. The following diagram illustrates it formation process.

In the picture B a mushroom rock has been shown.

• Process of formation - Mushroom rocks are landforms found in desert areas. It is formed due to wind erosion. Strong winds in deserts carry a variety of particles that erode boulders in its path through abrasion. The boulders that are eroded into mushroom shapes are called mushroom rocks. Prolonged erosion may cause the heavy top to topple over. The following diagram illustrates it formation process.