A sample of urine was diagnosed to contain high content of glucose and ketone bodies. Based on this observation, answer the following:

a. Which endocrine gland and hormone is related to this condition?

b. Name the cells on which this hormone acts.

c. What is the condition called and how can it be rectified?

a. Pancreas is the gland and hormone is Insulin which is responsible for this condition. Insulin is the hormone which decreases the level of glucose in blood by increasing the rate as which glucose is transported out of blood into the cell. When insulin is not produced adequately glucose uptake is hampered and hence glucose starts appearing in urine along with ketone bodies.

b. Hepatocytes and adipocytes cells are the main cells on which insulin act. Insulin allow muscles, liver and fat cells to take up this glucose.

c. This condition causes diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the body does not produce enough insulin hormone which results high level of sugar in blood.

It can be controlled and treated by managing following parameters:

• Keep blood glucose level near to normal.

• Maintain cholesterol and triglyceride level near to normal level.

• Maintain normal blood pressure.

• Insulin pills injections should be taken to maintain insulin level.

• Gene therapy is required if needed.