Study the figure of vector pBR322 given below.

Identify A, B and C and explain their roles in cloning a vector.

OR

Many people are apprehensive of accepting GM crops. Give three reasons so as to convince them to use these crops.

pBR322 is one of the first ever plasmid, which was used for cloning. It has genes that codes for resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline.

Site A: amp

Role: This site codes for ampicillin resistant protein.

Site B: ori

Role: It is the site where DNA replication begins which enables the plasmid to reproduce itself to survive within the cell.

Site C: rop

Role: rop stands for “regulator of origin of plasmid” this site is involved in the regulation of copy of number of pBR322.

Site D: tet

Role: This site code for tetracycline resistant protein.

OR

Genetically modified crops are those which are genetically made as so, to make the crops pest resistant, disease resistant and abundant for the population.Example of such crops is corns and soybean.

Importance of Genetically Modified Crops:

1. The yields of the crops are better and more population can be fed.

2. Lesser use of pesticides and pest control.

3. Lesser cost of production.