A message signal of frequency 10 kHz and peak voltage of 10 volts is used to modulate a carrier of frequency 1 MHz and peak voltage of 20 volts. Determine (a) modulation index, and (b) the side bands produced.

Modulating signal voltage(V_m) = 10 V

Modulating signal frequency(f_m) = 10 kHz = 10⁴ Hz

Carrier voltage(V_c) = 20 V

Carrier frequency(f_c) = 1 MHz = 10⁶ Hz

(a) Amplitude Modulation index = V_m/V_c = 10/20 = 0.5

(b) Number of side bands produced = 2, which are mirror images of one another and have same bandwidth as that of modulating signal.