How are cactus adapted to survive in deserts?

To survive in deserts, a cactus has the following adaptation-

• Leaves either absent or modified into spine to reduce water loss from the leaves through transpiration.

• Stem is modified to perform photosynthesis.

• Stem is covered by a thick waxy layer that helps to retain water.

• Root system is well developed and goes very deep into the soil for absorbing water.