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A large proportion of children in a population are a result of:

A large number of children in a population are a result of high birth rates. Birth rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year. It is a major component of growth because in India, birth rates have always been higher than death rates. The main cause of the Indian population has been the rapid decline in death rates. High birth rates and declining death rates led to a large difference between birth rates and death rates resulting in higher rates of population growth.