There are many similarities in the way in which the modern world forced changed in the lives of pastoral communities in India and East Africa. Write about any two examples of changes which were similar for Indian pastoralists and the Maasai herders.

The pastoralist communities in different parts of the world are affected in a variety of different ways by changes in the modern world. New laws and new borders affect the patterns of their movement. Both Indian and African pastoralists find it difficult to move in search of pastures due to increasing restrictions in their mobility. The pasture land was turned into cultivated lands as they were a great source of revenue for the government. The entries of the pastoralists were prohibited in the forests and grazing tax was imposed on them so that maximum revenue can be generated.