Let X denote the sum of the numbers obtained when two fair dice are rolled. Find the variance and standard deviation of X.


Given: Two fair dice are rolled

When two fair dice are rolled then number of observations will be 6 × 6 = 36.


X denote the sum of the numbers obtained when two fair dice are rolled. Hence, X can take any value of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12.


For X = 2, the possible observations are (1, 1).



For X = 3, the possible observations are (1,2) and (2,1)



For X = 4, the possible observations are (1,3), (2,2) and (3,1).



For X = 5, the possible observations are (1, 4), (4, 1), (2,3) and (3,2)


For X = 6, the possible observations are (1, 5), (5, 1), (2,4), (4,2) and (3,3).



For X = 7, the possible observations are (1, 6), (6, 1), (2,5), (5,2),(3,4) and (4,3).



For X = 8, the possible observations are (2,6), (6,2),(3,5), (5,3) and (4,4).



For X = 9, the possible observations are (5, 4), (4, 5), (3,6) and (6,3)


For X = 10, the possible observations are (5,5), (4,6) and (6,4).



For X = 11, the possible observations are (6,5) and (5,6)



For X = 12, the possible observations are (6, 6).



Hence, the required probability distribution is,


X



2



3



4



5



6



7



8



9



10



11



12



P(X)

























Therefore E(X) is:






E(X) = 7


And E(X2) is:






E(X2) = 54.833


Then Variance, Var(X) = E(X2) – (E(X))2


= 54.833 – (7)2


= 54.833 – 49 = 5.833


And Standard deviation



Standard deviation = 2.415


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