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Factorise the following expressions:
(i) a
3
- 27
(ii) 1 - 27x
3
(iii) 8x
3
- (2x - 3y)
3
(iv) a
8
- a
2
b
6
(v) a
3
- 5
b
3
(i) a
3
- 27
= a
3
- (3)
3
= (a - 3) (a
2
+ 3a + 9)
(ii) 1 - 27x
3
= 1
3
- (3x)
3
= (1 - 3x) [1
2
+ 1 × 3x + (3x)
2
]
= (1 - 3x) (1 + 3x + 9x
2
)
(iii) 8x
3
- (2x - 3y)
3
= (2x)
3
- (2x - 3y)
3
= [2x - (2x - 3y)]
[(2x)
2
+ 2x(2x - 3y) + (2x - 3y)
2
]
= (2x-2x+ 3y) (4x
2
+ 4x
2
- 6xy + 4x
2
+ 9y
2
-12xy)
= 3y(12x
2
+ 9y
2
- 18xy)
= 3y൳(4x
2
+ 3y
2
- 6xy)
= 9y(4x
2
+ 3y
2
- 6xy)
(iv) a
8
- a
2
b
6
= a
2
(a
6
- b
6
)
= a
2
[(a
3
)
2
- (b
3
)
2
]
= a
2
(a
3
+ b
3
) (a
3
- b
3
)
= a
2
(a + b) (a
2
- ab + b
2
) (a - b) (a
2
+ ab + b
2
)
= a
2
(a + b) (a - b) (a
2
- ab + b
2
) (a
2
+ ab + b
2
)
(v) a
3
- 5
b
3
= a
3
- (
b)
3
= (a-
b)(a
2
+
ab+5b
2
)
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