A study found that children with light colored eyes are likely to have parents with light colored eyes.

On this basis, can we say anything about whether the light eye color trait is dominant or recessive? Why or why not?

Just On the given basis, we cannot say anything about whether the light eye color trait is dominant or recessive because 2 copies of traits are inherited from each parent. We cannot tell which gene is dominant or recessive because we do not know the nature of these 2 variants.

A recessive trait will appear only when both the parents contribute recessive allele. A dominant trait will appear if both or at-least one parent contributes dominant allele. So from the give data, we can only say that both parents are contributing recessive alleles which results in light colored eye children.