How are synthetic detergents better than soaps?

Synthetic detergents are superior cleansing agents as compared to soaps. This is due to the following reasons.

1. Detergents are soluble even in hard water. This is because of calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water form soluble salts with detergents. Hence, detergents can be used both in soft as well as in hard water. On the other hand, soaps form insoluble salts with calcium and magnesium ions and cannot be used in hard water.

2. The aqueous solutions of detergents are usually neutral. Therefore, they do not damage delicate fabrics and can be used for washing almost all types of fabrics. On the other hand, aqueous solutions of soap are alkaline and damage delicate fabrics. Therefore, soaps cannot be used for washing delicate fabrics.