Elements of group 14


The elements of group 14 have 4 valence electrons. Therefore, the oxidation state of the group is + 4. However, as a result of inert pair effect, the lower oxidation state becomes more and more stable and the higher oxidation state becomes less stable.


Therefore, this group exhibits + 4 and + 2 oxidation states.


Group 14 element



Oxidation state



C



+ 4



Si



+ 4



Ge,Sn,Pb



+ 2, + 4


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