If ABC is an equilateral triangle and AD ⊥ BC, then AD2 =
The given triangle is shown below:

By applying Pythagoras theorem in right angled triangle ADC, we get,
AC2 = AD2 + DC2 [∵ h2 = p2 + b2]
⇒ AD2 = AC2 – DC2
⇒ AD2 = BC2 – DC2 [AC = BC, sides of equilateral Δ]
⇒ AD2 = (2DC) 2 - DC2 [BC = 2DC, AD bisects BC]
⇒ AD2 = 4DC2 - DC2
⇒ AD2 = 3DC2