Solution of Chapter 3. Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties (Chemistry - Exemplar Book)

Consider the isoelectronic species, Na+, Mg2+, F– and O2–. The correct order of increasing length of their radii is _________.

Which of the following is not an actinoid?

The order of screening effect of electrons of s, p, d and f orbitals of a given shell of an atom on its outer shell electrons is:

The first ionisation enthalpies of Na, Mg, Al and Si are in the order:

The electronic configuration of gadolinium (Atomic number 64) is

The statement that is not correct for periodic classification of elements is:

Among halogens, the correct order of amount of energy released in electron gain (electron gain enthalpy) is:

The period number in the long form of the periodic table is equal to

the elements in which electrons are progressively filled in 4f-orbital are called

Which of the following is the correct order of size of the given species:

The formation of the oxide ion, O2– (g), from oxygen atom requires first an exothermic and then an endothermic step as shown below:

O (g) + e– → O– (g) ; ∆ Hς = – 141 kJ mol–1

O– (g) + e– → O2– (g); ∆ Hς = + 780 kJ mol–1

Thus process of formation of O2– in gas phase is unfavourable even though O2– is isoelectronic with neon. It is due to the fact that,

Comprehension given below is followed by some multiple choice questions. Each question has one correct option.

Choose the correct option. In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic numbers which is related to the electronic configuration. Depending upon the type of orbitals receiving the last electron, the elements in the periodic table have been divided into four blocks, viz, s, p, d and f. The modern periodic table consists of 7 periods and 18 groups. Each period begins with the filling of a new energy shell. In accordance with the Arfbau principle, the seven periods (1 to 7) have 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32 and 32 elements respectively. The seventh period is still incomplete. To avoid the periodic table being too long, the two series of f-block elements, called lanthanoids and actinoids are placed at the bottom of the main body of the periodic table.

The element with atomic number 57 belongs to

Comprehension given below is followed by some multiple choice questions. Each question has one correct option.

Choose the correct option. In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic numbers which is related to the electronic configuration. Depending upon the type of orbitals receiving the last electron, the elements in the periodic table have been divided into four blocks, viz, s, p, d and f. The modern periodic table consists of 7 periods and 18 groups. Each period begins with the filling of a new energy shell. In accordance with the Arfbau principle, the seven periods (1 to 7) have 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32 and 32 elements respectively. The seventh period is still incomplete. To avoid the periodic table being too long, the two series of f-block elements, called lanthanoids and actinoids are placed at the bottom of the main body of the periodic table.

The last element of the p-block in 6^th period is represented by the outermost electronic configuration.

Comprehension given below is followed by some multiple choice questions. Each question has one correct option.

Choose the correct option. In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic numbers which is related to the electronic configuration. Depending upon the type of orbitals receiving the last electron, the elements in the periodic table have been divided into four blocks, viz, s, p, d and f. The modern periodic table consists of 7 periods and 18 groups. Each period begins with the filling of a new energy shell. In accordance with the Arfbau principle, the seven periods (1 to 7) have 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32 and 32 elements respectively. The seventh period is still incomplete. To avoid the periodic table being too long, the two series of f-block elements, called lanthanoids and actinoids are placed at the bottom of the main body of the periodic table.

Which of the elements whose atomic numbers are given below, cannot be accommodated in the present set up of the long form of the periodic table?

Comprehension given below is followed by some multiple choice questions. Each question has one correct option.

Choose the correct option. In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic numbers which is related to the electronic configuration. Depending upon the type of orbitals receiving the last electron, the elements in the periodic table have been divided into four blocks, viz, s, p, d and f. The modern periodic table consists of 7 periods and 18 groups. Each period begins with the filling of a new energy shell. In accordance with the Arfbau principle, the seven periods (1 to 7) have 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32 and 32 elements respectively. The seventh period is still incomplete. To avoid the periodic table being too long, the two series of f-block elements, called lanthanoids and actinoids are placed at the bottom of the main body of the periodic table.

The electronic configuration of the element which is just above the element with atomic number 43 in the same group is ________.

Comprehension given below is followed by some multiple choice questions. Each question has one correct option.

Choose the correct option. In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic numbers which is related to the electronic configuration. Depending upon the type of orbitals receiving the last electron, the elements in the periodic table have been divided into four blocks, viz, s, p, d and f. The modern periodic table consists of 7 periods and 18 groups. Each period begins with the filling of a new energy shell. In accordance with the Arfbau principle, the seven periods (1 to 7) have 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32 and 32 elements respectively. The seventh period is still incomplete. To avoid the periodic table being too long, the two series of f-block elements, called lanthanoids and actinoids are placed at the bottom of the main body of the periodic table.

The elements with atomic numbers 35, 53 and 85 are all ________.

Electronic configurations of four elements A, B, C and D are given below :

(A) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶

(B) 1s² 2s² 2p⁴

(C) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹

(D) 1s² 2s² 2p⁵

Which of the following is the correct order of increasing tendency to gain electron :

In the following questions two or more options may be correct.

Which of the following elements can show covalency greater than 4?

In the following questions two or more options may be correct.

Those elements impart colour to the flame on heating in it, the atoms of which require low energy for the ionisation (i.e., absorb energy in the visible region of spectrum). The elements of which of the following groups will impart colour to the flame?

In the following questions two or more options may be correct.

Which of the following sequences contain atomic numbers of only representative elements?

In the following questions two or more options may be correct.

Which of the following elements will gain one electron more readily in comparison to other elements of their group?

In the following questions two or more options may be correct.

Which of the following statements are correct?

In the following questions two or more options may be correct.

Which of the following sets contain only isoelectronic ions?

In the following questions two or more options may be correct.

In which of the following options order of arrangement does not agree with the variation of property indicated against it?

In the following questions two or more options may be correct.

Which of the following have no unit?

In the following questions two or more options may be correct.

Ionic radii vary in

In the following questions two or more options may be correct.

An element belongs to 3rd period and group-13 of the periodic table. Which of the following properties will be shown by the element?

Explain why the electron gain enthalpy of fluorine is less negative than that of chlorine.

All transition elements are d-block elements, but all d-block elements are not transition elements. Explain.

Identify the group and valency of the element having atomic number 119. Also predict the outermost electronic configuration and write the general formula of its oxide.

Ionisation enthalpies of elements of second period are given below : Ionisation enthalpy/ k cal mol–1 : 520, 899, 801, 1086, 1402, 1314, 1681, 2080.

Match the correct enthalpy with the elements and complete the graph given in Fig. 3.1. Also write symbols of elements with their atomic number

Among the elements B, Al, C and Si,

(i) which element has the highest first ionisation enthalpy?

(ii) which element has the most metallic character? Justify your answer in each case.

Write four characteristic properties of p-block elements.

Choose the correct order of atomic radii of fluorine and neon (in pm) out of the options given below and justify your answer.

(i) 72, 160

(ii) 160, 160

(iii) 72, 72

(iv) 160, 72

Illustrate by taking examples of transition elements and non-transition elements that oxidation states of elements are largely based on electronic configuration.

Nitrogen has positive electron gain enthalpy whereas oxygen has negative. However, oxygen has lower ionisation enthalpy than nitrogen. Explain.

First member of each group of representative elements (i.e., s and p-block elements) shows anomalous behaviour. Illustrate with two examples.

p-Block elements form acidic, basic and amphoteric oxides. Explain each property by giving two examples and also write the reactions of these oxides with water.

How would you explain the fact that first ionisation enthalpy of sodium is lower than that of magnesium but its second ionisation enthalpy is higher than that of magnesium?

What do you understand by exothermic reaction and endothermic reaction? Give one example of each type.

Arrange the elements N, P, O and S in the order of-

(i) increasing first ionisation enthalpy.

(ii) increasing non-metallic character.

Give reason for the arrangement assigned.

Explain the deviation in ionisation enthalpy of some elements from the general trend by using Fig. 3.2.

Explain the following:

(a) Electronegativity of elements increase on moving from left to right in the periodic table.

(b) Ionisation enthalpy decrease in a group from top to bottom?

How does the metallic and non-metallic character vary on moving from left to right in a period?

The radius of Na+ cation is less than that of Na atom. Give reason.

Among alkali metals which element do you expect to be least electronegative and why?

Match the correct atomic radius with the element.

Match the correct ionisation enthalpies and electron gain enthalpies of the following elements.

Match the electronic configuration with electron gain enthalpy.

In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of reason

(R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.

Assertion (A) : Generally, ionisation enthalpy increases from left to right in a period.

Reason (R) : When successive electrons are added to the orbitals in the same principal

quantum level, the shielding effect of inner core of electrons does not increase very much

to compensate for the increased attraction of the electron to the nucleus.

(i) Assertion is correct statement and reason is wrong statement.

(ii) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation of assertion.

(iii) Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.

(iv) Assertion is wrong statement and reason is correct statement.

In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of reason

(R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.

Assertion (A) : Boron has a smaller first ionisation enthalpy than beryllium.

Reason (R) : The penetration of a 2s electron to the nucleus is more than the 2p electron hence

2p electron is more shielded by the inner core of electrons than the 2s electrons.

(i) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation

for assertion.

(ii) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.

(iii) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation

for assertion.

(iv) Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.

In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of reason

(R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.

Assertion (A) : Electron gain enthalpy becomes less negative as we go down a group.

Reason (R) : Size of the atom increases on going down the group and the added electron would be farther from the nucleus.

(i) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.

(ii) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.

(iii) Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.

(iv) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

Discuss the factors affecting electron gain enthalpy and the trend in its variation in the periodic table.

Define ionisation enthalpy. Discuss the factors affecting ionisation enthalpy of the elements and its trends in the periodic table.

Justify the given statement with suitable examples— “the Properties of the elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers”.

Write down the outermost electronic configuration of alkali metals. How will you justify their placement in group 1 of the periodic table?

Write the drawbacks in Mendeleev’s periodic table that led to its modification.

In what manner is the long form of periodic table better than Mendeleev’s periodic table? Explain with examples.

Discuss and compare the trend in ionisation enthalpy of the elements of group1 with those of group 17 elements.