Answer in detail:

Describe the wars fought by Marquess of Hasting.

The wars fought by Marquess of Hasting were:

(a) The war against the Ghurkas (1814-16)

Nepal was a powerful state of Gurkha. The hostility of the Gurkhas into the British territories resulted in war. In May 1814, the Gurkhas attacked a British police, post killing 18 policemen and the officer. Hastings declared war on Nepal. The war ended with the surrender of Amar Singh Thapa and defeat of Gurkhan forces. The Treaty of Sagauli was signed in 1816 which made the Gurkhas give up Terai region and areas: Kumaon and Garhwal. Hastings became Marquess of Hastings after this victory.

(b) Pindari War (1812-1816)

The Pindaris plundered the districts of Mirzapur and Shahabad. In 1816, they plundered the Northern Circars. Determined to suppress them, Lord Hastings gathered an army and attacked the Pindaris from four directions. He commanded the force from the north himself. By 1818, the Pinadaris were completely suppressed. The leaders disbanded including Wasil Muhammad who was taken captive by the British. He then committed suicide. By 1824, the Pindaris were completely dissolved.

(c) Third Anglo-Maratha War(1817-1818)

It was the final conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire. Peshwa Baji Rao II nullified the Treaty of Poona with the British and rose against the East India Company on 5th November 1817. He was supported by the forces of Mudhoji II Bhonsle of Nagpur and Malharrao Holkar III of Indore. All forces were defeated and the Maratha Empire had broken apart. The Peshwa was captured and exiled.