Give Paragraph answers :

Name the two mitigation measures and explain them.

Mitigation and mitigation measures are to control the frequency, scale, intensity and impact of the disaster. Mitigation measures include two general categories, they are structural measures and non-structural measures. Mitigation measures can be applied at any time either before or after the happening of the event.

• Structural measures

This refers to the physical construction to reduce or avoid possible impacts of the hazards. It involves the application of the engineering techniques to achieve hazard resistance and resilience in structure and system.

The structural measures include the construction of:

 Embankments and strengthening of the embankments.

 Designing the electric system efficiently so that it will withstand in the winter and heavy rainy seasons.

 Enforcing the strict building codes

 Seismic resistant designs of buildings

 Construction of houses and buildings away from hazardous areas.

 Building community shelters and relief centres at hazard prone area.

• Non-Structural measures

This refers to the measures which do not involve any physical construction that involves knowledge, practice and agreement to reduce the risk and impacts. This is done through the policies and laws, public awareness raising, training and education.

The non-structural measures include:

 Management regulating measures such as zoning, coastal area management, slope management and flood management etc.

 Community services

 Educational programmes

 Natural resources use regulation

 Policies on limiting the buildings of unsafe projects.