Discuss in groups and answer the following questions:

Mention the types of soils in Karnataka.

The soils of Karnataka can be classified into four types:

(a) RED SOIL: this type of soil is obtained from the weathering of granite and gneiss and it contains iron oxides because of which it is red in colour. This soil is rich in iron, lime and salt and it also contains a small amount of humus. Ragi, Jowar, Bajra, Millets, and Pulses etc. which are rain-fed crops can be grown in this soil.

(b) BLACK SOIL: this kind of soil is formed by the weathering of basalt rocks. It is rich in aluminium, magnesium and oxides of iron. Because of this it is black in colour. This soil has the ability to retain moisture for many days. Since this soil is rich in nutrients, variety of crops can be grown in this soil like cotton, jowar, sunflower, maize etc.

(c) LATERITE SOIL: this soil is found in areas which receive heavy rainfall and have a high temperature. This soil becomes soft during the rainy season and dries up during summer, leading to the formation of laterite soil. This rock is used for construction purposes. Crops which can be grown in this type of soil are cashew, coffee, tea, cardamom etc.

(d) COASTAL ALLUVIAL SOIL: this type of soil is formed along the coast due to the deposition of alluvium and sediments which are carried by the rivers and sea waves. It is very rich in organic nutrients. The crops which grow well in this type of soil are paddy, cashew, coconut, banana etc.