Write a short note on Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre is also known as the “Amritsar massacre” which took place on April 13, 1919, at Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab. A troop of the British Army under the command of Brigadier General Reginald Dyer fired rifles into the crowd of unarmed Indian civilians (men, women and children) who had gathered in the temple. This incident is named after the Jallianwala Bagh Temple of Amritsar as it has happened in that location. The crowd of at least 10,000 civilians had assembled for a peaceful protest to condemn the arrest of two national leaders “Satya Pal and Saifuddin Kitchlew”, defy the ban on public meetings and to honour the Sikh festival of Baisakhi in their own temple. It is not clear how many people of them were protesters and how many had come to the city from the surrounding region to celebrate Baisakhi, a spring Sikh festival.

Earlier Dyer has banned all public meetings to suppress the revolt against the government for Satya Pal and Saifuddin Kitchlew’s arrest, but this notice was not widely disseminated. This was the day of Baisakhi, an important Sikh festival, and many villagers had gathered in the temple to celebrate. On hearing that a meeting had assembled at Jallianwala Bagh, Dyer went with troops from the British Indian Army. On Dyer's orders, they opened fire on the civilians and the shooting lasted for about ten minutes. According to the British sources, 379 people were killed with approximately 1,100 wounded of which 192 were seriously injured. The casualty number estimated by the Indian National Congress was more than 1,500 injured with approximately 1,000 dead. The number of deaths caused due to the firing had been a disputed issue till now.