Throw light on the circumstances in which J&K was merged into India.

Maharaja Hari Singh was the king of Jammu and Kashmir in 1947 and he neither accede with India or Pakistan. But Jinnah argued that J&K should join Pakistan as it a had majority of the Muslim population. Then Maharaja had signed a standstill agreement with Dominion of Pakistan so that it can maintain relationships such as free trade, diplomatic ties, etc but would not join Pakistan. This had provoked them and a number of communal violence had occurred. Even Pakistan had supported tribal fighters and invaded the vale of Kashmir. This resulted in Maharaja Hari Singh to sign the Instrument of Accession in order to receive military help from India.

National conference party was formed by Sheikh Abdulla for the self-rule against Maharaja and wanted democratic government in Kashmir. He supported the accession and in course of time India sends it's military to repel the attack and first India- Pakistan war began. Thus under such circumstances, Jammu & Kashmir merged with India.