a. NADP reductase enzyme is located on _________________.

b. Breakdown of proton gradient leads to release of _________________.

2H₂O 4H⁺ + O₂ + 4e^-

Based on the above equation, answer the following questions:

a. Where does this reaction take place in plants?

b. What is the significance of this reaction?

Cyanobacteria and some other photosynthetic bacteria don’t have chloroplasts. How do they conduct photosynthesis?

Can girdling experiments be done in monocots? If yes, how? If no, why not?

3CO₂ + 9ATP + 6NADPH + Water glyceraldehyde 3 – phosphate + 9 ADP + 6 NADP⁺ + 8 Pi

Analyse the above reaction and answer the following questions:

a. How many molecules of ATP & NADPH are required to fix one molecule of CO₂?

b. Where in the chloroplast does this process occur?