Differentiate between

a. Inspiratory and expiratory reserve volume

b. Vital capacity and total lung capacity

c. Emphysema and occupational respiratory disorder

Compared to O₂, diffusion rate of CO₂ through the diffusion membrane per unit difference in partial pressure is much higher. Explain.

For completion of respiration process, write the given steps in sequential manner

a. Diffusion of gases (O₂ and CO₂) across alveolar membrane.

b. Transport of gases by blood.

c. Utilisation of O₂ by the cells for catabolic reactions and resultant release of CO₂.

d. Pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air is drawn in and CO₂ rich alveolar air is released out.

e. Diffusion of O₂ and CO₂ between blood and tissues.

Explain the transport of O₂ and CO₂ between alveoli and tissue with diagram.

Explain the mechanism of breathing with neat labelled sketches.