Look at these words: upkeep, downpour, undergo, drop out, walk- in. They are built up from a verb (keep, pour, go, drop, walk) and an adverb or a particle (up, down, under, out, in).

Use these words appropriately in the sentences below. You may consult a dictionary.


(i) A heavy …… has been forecast due to low pressure in the Bay of Bengal.
(ii) Rakesh will ……. Major surgery tomorrow morning.
(iii) My brother is responsible for the …… of our family property.
(iv) The ……. rate for his accountancy course is very high.
(v) She went to the Enterprise Company to attend a …… interview.

Collocations

Certain words ‘go together’. Such ‘word friends’ are called collocations. The collocation of a word is ‘the company it keeps’.

For example, look at the paired sentences and phrases below. Which is a common collection, and which one is odd? Strike out the odd sentence or phrase.

(a) ● How old are you?

● how young are you?

(b) ● a pleasant person

● a pleasant pillow

A. Here are some nouns from the text.

Culture monks surprise experience weather tradition

Work with a partner and discuss which of the nouns can collocate with which of the adjectives given below. The first one has been done for you.

Unique terrible unforgettable serious ancient wide sudden

(i) culture: unique culture, ancient culture

(ii) monks:

(iii) surprise:

(iv) experience:

(v) weather:

(vi) tradition:

Complete the following phrases from the text. For each phrase, can you find at least one other word that would fit into the blank?

(i) tales of ………….

(ii) coastal …………

(iii) a piece of……

(iv) evergreen…….

(v) …… plantations

(vi) ………. Bridge.

(vii) wild…….

Now fill in the blanks in the sentences given below by combining the verb given in brackets with one of the words from the box as appropriate.

(i) The Army attempted unsuccessfully to …… the Government. (throw)

(ii) Scientists are on the brink of a major …… in cancer research. (break)

(iii) The State Government plans to build a …… for Bhubaneswar to speed up traffic on the main highway. (pass)

(iv) Gautama’s ….. on life changed when he realized that the world is full of sorrow. (look)

(v) Rakesh seemed unusually ……. after the game. (cast)

Notice how these -ing and -ed adjectives are used.

(a) Chess is an interesting game. -I am very interested in chess.

(b) Going trekking in the Himalayas this summer is an exciting idea. –We are very excited about the trek.

(c) Are all your school books this boring? -He was bored as he had no friends there.

The –ing adjectives show the qualities that chess, trekking, or these books have: they cause interest, excitement, or boredom in you. The –ed/ -en adjectives show your mental state or your physical state: how you feel in response to ideas, events or things.

A. Think of suitable –ing or –ed adjectives to answer the following questions. You may also use words from those given above.

How would you describe

(i) a good detective serial on television? __________

(ii) a debate on your favorite topic ‘Homework Should Be Banned’? ___________

(iii) how you feel when you stay indoors due to incessant rain? ___________

(iv) how you feel when you open a present? _________

(v) how you feel when you watch your favorite programme on television? _________

(vi) the look on your mother’s face as you waited in a queue? ___________

(vii) how you feel when tracking a tiger in a tiger reserve forest? __________

(viii) the story you have recently read, or a film you have seen? ___________