Who were the groups who could not participate in the assemblies of the ganas?

State whether true or false:

(a) Rajas who let the ashvamedha horse pass through their lands were invited to the sacrifice.

(b) The charioteer sprinkled sacred water on the king.

(c) Archaeologists have found palaces in the settlements of the janapadas.

(d) Pots to store grain were made out of Painted Grey Ware.

(e) Many cities in mahajanapadas were fortified.

Fill in the chart given below with the terms: hunter- gatherers, farmers, traders, crafts persons, herders.

Why did the rajas of mahajanapadas build forts?

In what ways are present-day elections different from the ways in which rulers were chosen in janapadas?