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Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

The amount of filtrate during urine formation in the glomerulus of the kidney per minute is called glomerular filtration rate. In a healthy individual the GFR is approximately 125 ml/ minute.

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2 Explain the autoregulatory mechanism of GFR. 3 Name the following:(a) A chordate animal having flame cells as excretory structures(b) Cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyramids in the human kidney(c) A loop of capillary running parallel to the Henle’s loop. 4 Give a brief account of the counter current mechanism. 5 Describe the role of liver, lungs and skin in excretion.