Read the following passage carefully.

1. Summer vacation offers families dilemmas and opportunities. For too many kids it becomes a period of intellectual passivity and stalled personal growth. For others — and their parents — it’s a time of overload and frantic scheduling.

2. “Summer is a great time for parents to build a relationship with their children,” says a renowned child psychologist. And it’s an opportunity both for the kids to learn and for the family to grow together. To make this a reality, educators and psychologists point to several simple strategies that parents can start planning before summer gets underway.

3. “Summer’s a perfect time for kids to take skills they’ve learned in a classroom and use them in new ways,” notes a well-known educator. Comparing prices in a grocery shop can sharpen children’s mental maths skills. Taking measurements to build a new tree house or design a simple plaything teaches geometry. Car trips provide opportunities to study maps and learn geography. Some libraries offer free summer reading programmes for children.

4. Sometimes kids will need a small push in the right direction. Victoria encouraged her seven-year-old son, Philip, to take part in their local library’s summer reading club. For every book report a child wrote, he received a raffle ticket. At the end of the summer, sports prizes were raffled off. Philip, who’d painstakingly produced seven book reports won an autographed picture of a hockey star and had his name and one of his reports printed in the local newspaper. (If that’s not possible, encourage children to write letters to editors on current affairs, or about school-related issues.) “Philip moaned and groaned about writing the reports, but in the end, he was happy he put the effort in,” notes his mother. “And his ability to express himself really improved.”

5. It’s the daily doses of stimulation — intellectual, creative, esteem-building—that parents can give their children that have the greatest impact,” says an eminent researcher. In an informal study conducted in 1998 other researchers surveyed successful college students about how they spent their free time from ages five to 12, then compared their activities with those of troubled youngsters. They found that the successful ones were more likely to play spontaneous games, more involved in household chores and more likely to engage in playful activities with their parents. Troubled youngsters spent far less time on chores or family games and more time on their own, planted in front of the TV or a video game.

6. Often, when parents are drawing up their summer plans, their focus is on entertaining and enriching their children. But experts agree that a summer built completely around a child’s self-fulfillment won’t help a youngster mature into a high thinking, caring member of his family or community. Truly successful kids say educators, are those who’ve learnt to budget time to help others—whether it’s helping an invalid neighbour or preparing their own family’s meals a couple of nights a week. Where parents fail, say, experts, is in the way such responsibilities are presented. Too often, they’re trotted out as punishments instead of challenges. To make matters worse, parents often nag the child about the task, rather than simply setting a completion deadline and allowing the youngster to decide when and how he will meet it.

7. For most parents of school-age kids, the largest block of time they’ll have with their children is in the summer. With a little advance preparation, parents can use the summer to help develop their youngsters into smarter, more creative, more caring human beings.

On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions briefly:

(a) How can parents give the kids a special summer vacation?

(b) In what new ways can kids use the skills they learn in the classroom during the summer? Mention any two.

(c) What advantages did Philip have in writing the book reports?

(d) Why should a summer vacation not be built completely around a child’s fulfillment?

Read the passage given below carefully.

School used to be all about writing, whether it was the exercise books we wrote in, the notes we passed around, or the lines we stayed in to do. But not anymore. Now it’s all about typing. My six-year-old daughter is part of the first generation that is truly computer literate and I really didn’t want her learning copperplate writing. I could see that spelling, grammar, syntax, and punctuation were important, but handwriting? By the time she’s at university, handwriting may not be as relevant as needlepoint. So when my daughter came home last year with cursive handwriting homework, I was nonplussed. Cursive was originally developed to make it easier for children to write with a quill. By joining up the letters, it kept the quill on the parchment and minimized ink blots. But my daughter writes with a laptop. I explained as much to her teacher at the next Parents’ Day. But her teacher explained something to me. Research suggests that the process of writing information down on paper, by hand, has a more direct effect on the formation of memories in the learning process than typing. Taking notes in class is still the most effective way to learn. It’s’ a better way to store the skills for written language in a child’s brain than pressing keys. There’s nothing old-fashioned about handwriting. Handwriting is where it’s at.

On the basis of your reading of the above passage fill in the blanks with appropriate words/phrases:

(a) School used to be all about …………. and now it is all about ………………

(b) According to the narrator, his daughter is …………..

(c) …………… was developed to make writing with a quill easier.

(d) The writer was puzzled when his daughter ……………

(e) Writing information down on paper is …………… typing in the learning process.

(f) The most effective way to learn is …………..

(g) Skills for written language can be stored better in a child’s brain by …………… rather than ……………

(h) Writing by hand is …………….

Read the following passage carefully.

1. Summer vacation offers families dilemmas and opportunities. For too many kids it becomes a period of intellectual passivity and stalled personal growth. For others — and their parents — it’s a time of overload and frantic scheduling.

2. “Summer is a great time for parents to build a relationship with their children,” says a renowned child psychologist. And it’s an opportunity both for the kids to learn and for the family to grow together. To make this a reality, educators and psychologists point to several simple strategies that parents can start planning before summer gets underway.

3. “Summer’s a perfect time for kids to take skills they’ve learned in a classroom and use them in new ways,” notes a well-known educator. Comparing prices in a grocery shop can sharpen children’s mental maths skills. Taking measurements to build a new tree house or design a simple plaything teaches geometry. Car trips provide opportunities to study maps and learn geography. Some libraries offer free summer reading programmes for children.

4. Sometimes kids will need a small push in the right direction. Victoria encouraged her seven-year-old son, Philip, to take part in their local library’s summer reading club. For every book report a child wrote, he received a raffle ticket. At the end of the summer, sports prizes were raffled off. Philip, who’d painstakingly produced seven book reports won an autographed picture of a hockey star and had his name and one of his reports printed in the local newspaper. (If that’s not possible, encourage children to write letters to editors on current affairs, or about school-related issues.) “Philip moaned and groaned about writing the reports, but in the end, he was happy he put the effort in,” notes his mother. “And his ability to express himself really improved.”

5. It’s the daily doses of stimulation — intellectual, creative, esteem-building—that parents can give their children that have the greatest impact,” says an eminent researcher. In an informal study conducted in 1998 other researchers surveyed successful college students about how they spent their free time from ages five to 12, then compared their activities with those of troubled youngsters. They found that the successful ones were more likely to play spontaneous games, more involved in household chores and more likely to engage in playful activities with their parents. Troubled youngsters spent far less time on chores or family games and more time on their own, planted in front of the TV or a video game.

6. Often, when parents are drawing up their summer plans, their focus is on entertaining and enriching their children. But experts agree that a summer built completely around a child’s self-fulfillment won’t help a youngster mature into a high thinking, caring member of his family or community. Truly successful kids say educators, are those who’ve learnt to budget time to help others—whether it’s helping an invalid neighbour or preparing their own family’s meals a couple of nights a week. Where parents fail, say, experts, is in the way such responsibilities are presented. Too often, they’re trotted out as punishments instead of challenges. To make matters worse, parents often nag the child about the task, rather than simply setting a completion deadline and allowing the youngster to decide when and how he will meet it.

7. For most parents of school-age kids, the largest block of time they’ll have with their children is in the summer. With a little advance preparation, parents can use the summer to help develop their youngsters into smarter, more creative, more caring human beings.

Choose the most appropriate meaning of the given word from the options provided:

(a) The word ‘frantic’ means…………….

(i) well planned

(ii) done quickly/ not organized

(iii) meticulous

(iv) fearless

(b) The word ‘strategies’ means ………………..

(i) plans (ii) layers

(iii) rules (iv) schedules

(c) The word ‘moaned’ means ……………….

(i) to look at the moon (ii) to feel happy

(iii) to shout loudly (iv) to make a low cry

(d) The word ‘stimulation’ means ……………….

(i) to stop

(ii) to aggravate

(iii) to excite or invigorate

(iv) to put an end to

The following newspaper clipping sets you thinking about the unpredictable weather patterns:

Write a letter in about 100-120 words to the editor of a national daily bringing into light the uncertainty of the changing environment due to which the people of Leh had to suffer a great loss of life and property. Also, urge him to appeal to the people to render help wholeheartedly to the sufferers at Leh. You may use your own ideas and the ideas from the unit, ‘Environment’. You are RamestyRama, 25 Vasundhara Colony, Chandigarh.

The following newspaper clipping sets you thinking about the unpredictable weather patterns:

You are Radhika/Raghav, B-12, Jawahar Market, New Delhi. You happened to see the following news item in the New Indian Express. Write a letter in 100-120 words to the editor of the newspaper registering your unhappiness at the lack of safety for women in Krishna Nagar, New Delhi. Mention the measures that can be adopted to solve the problem.