State the number of valence electrons, the group number and the period number of each element given in the following table:

Sulphur

The atomic number of sulphur = 16

The electronic configuration of ₁₆S = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴

⇒ Total number of valence electrons (3s² 3p⁴) = 6

⇒ As period number is decided by the valence electrons, thus period number of sulphur = 6

⇒ In sulphur, 3 is the highest principal quantum number (n=3), thus group number of sulphur = 3

Oxygen

The atomic number of oxygen = 8

The electronic configuration of ₈O = 1s² 2s² 2p⁴

⇒ Total number of valence electrons (2s² 2p⁴) = 6

⇒ As period number is decided by the valence electrons, thus period number of oxygen = 6

⇒ In oxygen, 2 is the highest principal quantum number (n=2), thus group number of oxygen = 2

Magnesium

The atomic number of magnesium = 12

The electronic configuration of ₁₂Mg = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²

⇒ Total number of valence electrons (3s²) = 2

⇒ As period number is decided by the valence electrons, thus period number of magnesium = 2

⇒ In magnesium, 3 is the highest principal quantum number (n=3), thus group number of magnesium = 3

Hydrogen

The atomic number of hydrogen = 1

The electronic configuration of ₁H = 1s¹

⇒ Total number of valence electrons (1s¹) = 1

⇒ As period number is decided by the valence electrons, thus period number of hydrogen = 1

⇒ In hydrogen, 1 is the highest principal quantum number (n=1), thus group number = 1

Fluorine

The atomic number of fluorine = 9

The electronic configuration of ₉F = 1s² 2s² 2p⁵

⇒ Total number of valence electrons (2s² 2p⁵) = 7

⇒ As period number is decided by the valence electrons, thus period number of fluorine = 7

⇒ In fluorine, 2 is the highest principal quantum number (n=2), thus group number of fluorine = 2

Aluminum

The atomic number of aluminum = 13

The electronic configuration of ₁₃Al = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p¹

⇒ Total number of valence electrons (3s² 3p¹) = 3

⇒ As period number is decided by the valence electrons, thus period number of aluminum = 3

⇒ In aluminum, 3 is the highest principal quantum number (n=3), thus group number of aluminum = 3