The pie diagram represents a survey result of infectious diseases in a village during

2008 – 2009. Analyse it and answer the following:

i) Which diseases affect the majority of the population?

ii) How are these diseases transmitted?

iii) Mention any three measures that can control the other two diseases.

i) From the pie diagram we can see that around 50% of the population suffered from dengue fever and chikungunya whereas cholera-affected least people and rat fever affected the intermediate number of people. Therefore, dengue fever and chikungunya are the diseases that affected the majority of the population.

ii) Mode of transmission for both dengue fever and chikungunya is a mosquito bite. Dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) virus responsible for these diseases are transmitted from mosquito to our blood when mosquitoes bite us.

iii) Cholera can be controlled by following measures:

● By drinking boiled water( because boiling of water kills various disease-causing germs )

● By not leaving the food items uncovered:

Flies may sit on the human excreta lying in open and then the same flies can sit on our food items which are left uncovered. So we must keep our food items and drinking water covered.

● By using toilet facilities.

Rat fever can be controlled through following measures:

● By avoiding contact with rats:

Rat fever can be caused by a rat bite or by coming in contact with an infected rat. So we must avoid the contact with rats.

● By keeping our surroundings clean:

This can be insured by proper waste disposal. Rodents tend to live in unhygienic and unclean areas so we must keep our surroundings clean to prevent their breeding.