In order to ensure safety in electrical circuits, how can the earthing arrangement be done? Discuss and prepare a note.

Earthing is the process of connecting the neutral part of the equipment or the source to the ground by using a low resistance wire. By this method the sudden flow of electrical energy is discharged to the earth.

In an electrical appliance , the hot conducting wire and neutral wire are usually insulated from the outer conducting material. But sometimes it so happens that these materials come in contact with the outer conducting material. If the neutral wire touches the conducting material, there is no much problem but if the hot wire touches the outer material it causes shock to the person touching the equipment. To prevent these failures from effecting people, the outer material is earthed i.e. by connecting a conductor between the outer case and the ground. So there is no potential drop( V=0) between the outer case and the ground. If the hot conductor accidently touches the metal appliance case, it will create a direct short-circuit and the charge is transferred to the ground. So The user of the appliance will remain safe.