Q7 of 41 Page 207

Most often during a kidney disorder, the colour of urine changes from yellow to others. A patient is secreting dark coloured urine which turns to blue or black later. This is due to the presence of which of the following?

The accumulation of Homogentisic acid (phenolic acid) causes alkaptonuria (a rare inherited disease that causes the urine to turn black when comes in contact with air). This accumulated acid is excreted out in urine giving it a dark colored appearance. Alkaptonuria is caused by the deficiency of an enzyme (homogentisic dioxygenase).

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4

The diagram given below represents the liver, kidney and some associated blood vessels. Identify the vessel from the labelled parts A-D in which the blood will contain the lowest concentration of urea?

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A healthy woman consumes a litre of water at once.

(i) How will be the internal environment of her body affected by this?


(ii) A corrective measure to bring the arising condition to normal state is?


Select the correct option for (i) and (ii) from those given below


 6

Which substances will be present in the glomerular filterate from the kidneys of a mammal?

 8

The figure given below is representing the dialysis machine for removing nitrogenous wastes in patient with a kidney failure.


Which substances out of the following in the dialysis fluid should be at a lower concentration than in the blood of patient?