Plants generally store carbohydrates in form of starch but not in the form of glucose. Give one reason in support of such storage. Name the form in which the human beings store carbohydrate. Also mention the place where it is stored.

Some of the glucose produced by photosynthesis is used for respiration. Glucose is the starting point for the biosynthesis of materials that plants need to live.

The glucose not used for respiration is used in the following ways:

Glucose, fructose and galactose are the three dietary monosaccharides. Glucose and Fructose are simple monosaccharides found in plants. A monosaccharide is the basic unit of carbohydrate and the simplest form of sugar, glucose are aldose and fructose is ketose.

Whereas Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. A disaccharide is more complex than monosaccharide, more complex compounds like oligosaccharides and polysaccharides exists. Sucrose synthesized within the cytosol of photosynthesizing cells is then available for general distribution and is commonly Trans located to other carbon-demanding centers via the phloem.

Sucrose and starch are more efficient in energy storage when compared to glucose and fructose, but starch is insoluble in water. So it can't be transported via phloem and the next choice is sucrose, being water soluble and energy efficient sucrose is chosen to be the carrier of energy from leaves to different part of the tree. Another problem exists, glucose is highly reactive and this may result in some intermediate reactions while transporting glucose. Being a complex structure, sucrose is not as much reactive as glucose. So, plants use the sucrose as a medium to transfer energy. Inside the cells, sucrose is converted back to glucose and fructose. Energy is yielded when it is needed. So plants transfer glucose and fructose in the form of sucrose in order to:

• Increase energy storage

• Efficient energy transfer

• Removing in between reactions

Animals (including humans) store some glucose in the cells so that it is available for quick shots of energy. Excess glucose is stored in the liver as the large compound called glycogen. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose, but its structure allows it to pack compactly, so more of it can be stored in cells for later use. If you consume so many extra carbohydrates that your body stores more and more glucose, all your glycogen may be compactly structured, but you no longer will be.

The liver and skeletal muscle in the body mainly store glycogen. Glycogen accounts for approximately 10 percent of the weight of the liver, while it represents two percent of the weight of muscles. Since the total mass of muscle in the body is greater than the total mass of the liver, muscle stores most of the glycogen.