Answer the following in 25-30 words.

(1) Explain the role of the ministers and civil servants in the efficient administration of the department.

(2) Explain how the bureaucracy provides stability to the political system.

(1) A minister heads the department. He/she takes the decisions on the basis of inputs provided by the civil servants, who are usually experts in their respective domains. The civil servant’s anonymity is preserved while discharging its function and Minister is accountable to the policy outcomes. Thus, the efficiency of the functioning of the department is dependent on the interrelationship between the Minister and the civil servants.

(2) Bureaucracy is the administrative organization working under the aegis of union executive and is entrusted with the responsibility of day-to-day business of a government. One of the important characteristics of bureaucracy is its permanent nature. Thus, they are entrusted with the responsibility of discharging some of the important functions like water supply, maintenance of law and order, public cleanliness, public transport which needs to be consistent in nature.