AIM
To study (a) binary fission in Amoeba, and (b) budding in yeast with the help of prepared permanent slides.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Compound microscope, permanent slides of binary fission in Amoeba and budding in yeast, worksheet, pencil, eraser, sharpener, etc.
THEORY
1. Reproduction is one of the basic characteristics features of life being organisms.
2. An organism reproduces, to form individuals of its own kind.
3. Reproduction may be either sexual or asexual in living organisms.
4. The type of reproduction taking place without fusion of gametes is called asexual reproduction.
5. Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction in which male and female gametes are involved.
6. Asexual reproduction involves only one parent cell and is common in lower organisms. It is a process in which rapid multiplication in which the new organisms produced are genetically identical to the parent.
7. Asexual reproduction can be of various types, such as binary fission, multiple fission, budding, fragmentation, sporulation, and vegetative propagation.
Binary Fission - In this type of reproduction, parent cell divides into two small, nearly equal sized identical daughter cells. The two daughter cells then grow into an adult organism.
Budding -In this type of reproduction a small bud-like outgrowth develops at the parent cell. This bud enlarges in size. The nucleus also enlarges in size and divides to form two nuclei. Out of these two nuclei, one goes into developing bud. When the bud attains almost the same size as that of the parent cell, a separating wall is laid down between the bud and parent cell. This bud may detach from the parent cell or may produce another bud over it.
PROCEDURE
1. Choose the slides for binary fission in Amoeba and budding in yeast.
2. Set-up a compound microscope. While looking through the eyepiece, adjust the mirror and diaphragm of the microscope so that the microscope is properly illuminated.
3. Now, place the slide on stage and focus at low power using the microscope.
4. Without removing the slide, now change the focus to high power.
5. Note the observation under the observation subtitle.
OBSERVATIONS
(a) Binary Fission in Amoeba
• This is a type of asexual reproduction in which parent cell divides into two daughter cells.
• Parent cell becomes elongated.
• The division of the nucleus occurs first, and then the cytoplasm divides.
• At the point of fission, constriction appears and deepens to divide the cell into two daughter cells.
(b) Budding in Yeast
In this type of asexual reproduction, a small protuberance or outgrowth arises from the parent body called bud.
• Nucleus divides to form two daughter nuclei of which one passes into the bud.
• The bud now detaches from the parent body and grows independently as a new individual or may remain attached to the parent body, forming a chain of cells.
• Parental identity is not lost.
RESULT
The slides show reproduction by binary fission in Amoeba and budding in yeast.
PRECAUTIONS
1. Always clean the surface of the slide and microscope before use.
2. Always focus the slide, first at low power and then go for high power.
3. While focussing at high power, only use fine adjustment of the microscope.
Couldn't generate an explanation.
Generated by AI. May contain inaccuracies — always verify with your textbook.