Explain any three factors that brought about a change in the Indian Caste System in modern India.

(1) Role of Social Reformers : Many reformers like Mahatma Phyla, Naiad, Ambedkar, Mahatma Gandhi, etc. fought to establish a society in which caste inequalities have no place.

(2) Role of Socio-economic changes: Development of new cities, industrialization, creation of job opportunities in new urban areas, etc. compelled people from all castes to live and work together. This has developed a liberal view relating to the notions of caste practices.

(3) Role of the Constitution: The Constitution prohibited any caste-based discrimination and laid the foundation of policies to reverse the injustices of the caste system. Untouchability has been made a penal offence.