Q32 of 27 Page 6

Describe the structure and functioning of nephrons. (CBSE 2014)

STRUCTURE - a nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and a long complicated renal tubule.

  • Nephron has a cup-shaped bag known as Bowmans Capsule.
  • The lower end of the Bowmans Capsule is known as the Tubule.
  • One end of Tubule is connected to Urine-Collecting Duct.
  • Bowmans Capsule contains bundles of blood capillaries known as Glomerulus.
  • One part of Glomerulus attached to Renal Artery bringing in the dirty blood(Containing Urea) while the other end coming out of Bowmans Capsule containing the clean blood
  • Renal tubule is divided into three parts- proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule (DCT) which ends by joining a collecting tubule.


Functions:-

  • Glomerulus filters the blood passing through it
  • It also removes other harmful substances from our body like urea
  • Useful substances like glucose, essential amino acids, salts and a major amount of water are selectively reabsorbed by tubular part of the nephron


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