Describe any one impact of ocean currents for the region you live.

Ocean current is the large masses of surface water movement that takes place in a regular pattern around the ocean. Those flows from the equatorial regions poleward have higher surface temperature and are warm current. Those flow from polar region to equatorial have lower surface temperature and are cold currents.

El-Nino is the ocean current which takes place in the Pacific Ocean. Warming and cooling are the most important in terms of general atmospheric circulation. The warm water of the central Pacific Ocean gradually drifts towards the South American coast and replaces the cool Peruvian current. Such an appearance of warm current in Peru is known as El-Nino. El-Nino is closely related to the pressure that changes in the Central Pacific and Australia. The change in pressure in Pacific is known as southern oscillation. The combined condition of southern oscillation and El-Nino is known as ENSO. The ENSO cycle brings both changes in global temperature and rainfall. Developing countries mostly bordering the Pacific Ocean that is depending on agriculture and fishing are severely affected by this ocean current.

The changes of El-Nino phenomenon have a major impact on the Southwest monsoon across India. According to the Weather Risk Management Services (WRMS) 60 to 70 per cent of the Indian weather is affected by the El-Nino in the Southwest region. It brings the rainfall in the South West region of India by generating warm current in the Indian Ocean. It also affects the summer of the Indian climate. Over the Indian subcontinent, EL-Nino during the winter results in the development of the warm condition. During summer, it leads to dry condition and defiant monsoon. India experienced a deficient rainfall during El-Nino years 2002 and 2009 whereas the monsoon was normal during the El-Nino years of 1994 and 1997. In India, 50% of the years with El-Nino is occurred during summer, India experience droughts during monsoon.