Match the following:

A

i. Opium war

ii. Ottoman empire

iii. Personally owned the colony

iv. Settling farmers

B

a) Belgium

b) Spain

c) controlled trade before colonisation

d) China

1) Opium war- d) China

The opium war included the First Opium War (1839–1842) and the Second Opium War (1856–1860) between China and British.

2) Ottoman empire- c) controlled trade before colonisation

Most of the trade routes linking Europe and Asia around 1400 were guarded by Muslim kingdoms, especially the Ottoman Empire which was continuously at war with the European Christian powers.

3) Personally owned the colony- a) Belgium

Léopold II of Belgium personally owned the Congo colony and used it as a source of ivory and rubber.

4) Settling farmers- b) Spain

The settled Spanish farmers did not have any role in the supervision of the colonies which were controlled by the Spanish from Europe.