Explain different invention held during industrial revolution.

The transition to new manufacturing processes with an effect on both industry and economy in Britain between the 1780s and the 1850s is known as industrial revolution. It marked an important shift from rural agrarian society to a more developed urban industrial one. This shift was possible because of a variety of inventions that took place during this time period.

The inventions which spearheaded the industrial revolution started as far back as 1563 when Rev. William Lee invented the stocking frame which was the first major stage in the mechanisation of the textile industry. The following are the reforms and revolutions in different sectors during the industrial revolution –

1) Agricultural Sector - Industrial technologies that affected farming included the seed drill, the Dutch plough, which contained iron parts, and the threshing machine. Scientific rotation of crops also improved agricultural productivity which not only increased the food supply but also reduced manual labour and created more workforce for other sectors of the economy.

2) Textile industry – With a rising population, England saw a rise in the need for clothing. Modern inventions like the Flying Shuttle, invented by John Kay in 1733 allowed a single weaver to weave much wider fabrics, and it could be mechanized, allowing for automatic machine looms. James Hargreaves developed the spinning Jenny in 1765 which reduced the amount of work needed to produce cloth, with a worker able to work eight or more spools at once. Arkwright’s invented the water powered frame in 1769 which was designed for the production of cotton thread and was able to spin 128 threads at a time, which was an easier and faster method than ever before. Cartwright invented the power loom in 1787 which made cloth more affordable and thus the power loom increased demand and stimulated exports, causing a growth in industrial employment, albeit low-paid.

3) Iron Industry - During the first industrial revolution in Britain, when iron was required for galvanizing every major industry, iron making furnaces saw many innovations in Britain. In 1709, Abraham Darby started using coke for smelting iron which was a major step forward in the production of iron as a raw material for the Industrial Revolution. Henry Court (1740 -1823) invented the pudding furnace during the industrial revolution in Britain. The puddling furnace was a metalmaking technology used to create wrought iron or steel from the pig iron produced in a blast furnace. Scottish foreman James Beaumont Neilson in 1828 patented the use of hot blast furnace which was a major breakthrough.

4) Transportation Sector - Improvement of roads and canals were important during this period as a good transport system aided in the movement of raw materials and finished goods in a cheap, effective manner. The Industrial Revolution was responsible behind the improvement in transport infrastructure with a road network, a canal and waterway network, and a railway network.

5) Telecom Sector – The main contributors here were Samuel Morse who invented a functional telegram device in 1844 and Graham Bell who invented the telephone in 1876.