Define pollination. Explain the different types of pollination. List two agents of pollination? How does suitable pollination lead to fertilization?

OR

(a) Identify the given diagram. Name the parts 1 to 5

(b) What is contraception? List three advantages of adopting contraceptive measure.

Pollination refers to the transfer of pollen grain from the anther to the stigma to allow fertilization to occur.

Types of pollination:

•Self-pollination: the pollination of a flower by pollen from the same flower or from another flower on the same plant.

•Cross pollination: it is the transfer of pollen from the flower of one plant to the flower of a plant having a different genetic constitution.

Agents of pollution are biotic or abiotic factors that help in pollination. Some agents of pollination are, insects, wind, water, etc.

The transfer of pollen from the anthers to the stigma of the flower is known as pollination. Pollination is required for fertilization. A tube grows out of the pollen grain and travels through the style, to reach the female germ cell in the ovary to cause fertilization.

OR

a) 1. Fallopian tube or Oviduct: It is responsible for carrying the mature ovum to the uterus. The oviduct is also the place where fertilization takes place.

2. Ovary: A pair of ovaries is present in the human female reproductive system. Ovaries produces ova (eggs/female gametes) Ovaries are also responsible for producing estrogen, which is a female hormone involved in the development of secondary sexual characters.

3. Uterus: Uterus or the womb is the place where the fertilised egg gets implanted and it nurtured. It holds and supports the developing foetus.

4. Cervix: It forms the neck of the uterus and opens into the vagina. The cervix functions as a path or the opening to the vaginal opening.

5. Vagina: It acts like a birth canal for childbirth and also serves as the opening through which menstrual blood exits.

b) Contraception is a method that is used to prevent conception or pregnancy. The major forms of contraceptives are condoms, contraceptive pills, IUDs etc.

Advantaged of adopting contraceptive measures are:

•They help in population control

•They help in avoiding unwanted pregnancies

•They help in spacing out pregnancies.

•They also sometimes help in regulating the menstrual cycle.