Q3 of 55 Page 118

Water logging and soil salinity are some of the problems that have come in the wake of the Green Revolution. Discuss their causes and adverse effects to the environment.

Water logging and soil salinity are some of the problems that have come in the wake of the Green Revolution.


Causes of water logging and soil salinity –


i. Irrigation without proper drainage system.


ii. Continuous presence of water draws salt to the surface of the soil, which gets deposited as a thin crust on the land surface or start collecting at the roots of the plants.


Adverse effects-


i. Increased salt content causes reduction in the growth of crops which causes extreme damage to the agriculture.


ii. Root cells get shrinked due to saline water. They lose water by the process of osmosis (The flow of water from higher concentration to lower concentration).


iii. Crops get affected and cause extreme financial loss to the farmers.


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What are the basic characteristics of a modern landfil site. List any three and also mention the reasons for their use.

Ans. Characteristics of a modern landfil include:


i. methods to contain leachate such as lining clay or plastic liners.


iii. compaction and covering of the waste to prevent it from being blown by wind.


iv. installation of a landfill gas extraction system to extract the gas for use in generation of power