Describe establishment of UNO and its chief organs.

United Nations Organisation was formed in 1945 with the aim of maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations, achieving international cooperation and harmony among the nations. It was formed after World War II, with the aim of preventing future war like situations. On 25^th April 1945, 50 governments met in San Francisco for the conference and began drafting the UN charter which was finally adopted on 25^th June 1945 in San Francisco. The UN has 6 principal organs i.e.,

1. General Assembly- the organisation in which all the member nations have equal representation and it is a policy making and representative organ of the UN. Its main power is to look after the budget of the UN, appoints the non-permanent members to the Security Council, appoints the Secretary- General of the United Nations, receive reports from the other organs of the UN and make recommendations in the form of General Assembly Resolutions.

2. Security Council- It has the responsibility of maintaining international peace and security, accepting new members to the UN, and to approve any modifications to its charter. Its responsibility is to establish peacekeeping operations and international sanctions as well as authorization of military actions through resolutions.

3. Economic and Social Council- this organ is responsible for coordinating the economic and social fields of the organisation. The council serves as a forum for discussing the international economic and social issues and formulating policy recommendations addressed to the member states.

4. International Court of Justice- it is also known as the World Court, it is the principal judiciary organ of United Nations. The main function of ICJ is to settle the international legal disputes submitted by states and it gives the advisory opinions on legal issues referred to it by the UN.

5. UN Secretariat- It is the executive organ of UN. It’s important role is to set up the agendas for the UN decision making bodies and then implement the decisions of these organs. The Secretary General appointed by the General Assembly becomes the head of the secretariat.

6. Trusteeship Council- it is established to ensure that the trust territories were administered in the best interests of their inhabitants and of international peace and security. After the independence of the member countries of the UN, it lost its actual significance.