Q27 of 30 Page 1

Name the host plant and its part that Meloidogyne incognita infects. Explain the role of Agrobacterium in the production of ds-RNA in the host plant.


Tobacco is the host plant and roots of that infected by Meloidegyne incognitia.


• In the host plant, nematode-specific genes were introduced by using Agrobacterium as a vector.


• In the host cell, both sense and antisense RNA is produced by the introduction of DNA.


• These two RNAs formed an inactive double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that silenced the specific mRNA of the nematode, that the process called RNA interference (RNAi).


• This results in the protection of the transgenic plant from the parasites which arenot able to survive in the transgenic host.


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Following a severe accident, many charred-disfigured bodies are recoveredfrom the site making the identification of the dead very difficult. Name and explain the technique that would help the authorities to establish the identity of the dead to be able to hand over the dead to their respective relatives.

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What is a bioreactor used for? Name a commonly used bioreactor and any two of its components.

 28

Schematically represent and explain the events of spermatogenesis in humans.

OR


Angiosperm flowers may be monoecious, cleistogamous or show self-incompatibility. Describe the characteristic features of each one of them and state which one of these flowers promotes inbreeding and outbreeding respectively.


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Draw a simplified model of phosphorus cycling in a terrestrial ecosystem.

OR


(a) Explain the narrowly utilitarian, broadly utilitarian and ethical arguments in favour of conservation of biodiversity.


(b) How is designation of certain areas as hotspots a step towards biodiversity conservation? Name any two hotspots in India.