Q16 of 45 Page 1

Describe the role of the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, in formulating and implementing the foreign policy of India.

OR


Describe any four factors that influenced the foreign policy of India after independence.


The role of the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru,

in formulating and implementing the foreign policy of India is highlighted below:


1. He was an influential leader who had worked hard for the success of the nation as a whole.


2. He was against the concept of joining any party and forming an alliance.


3. He wanted to preserve the sovereignty of India.


4. He advocated the policy of Nonalignment movement and supported it.


5. He worked for the economic development of the country


OR


The four factors that influenced the foreign policy of India after independence are:


1. The policy of the Non-Aligned Movement- The policy allowed India to take international decisions that served its interest and not the interest of the superpower and its alliances. India was able to balance one superpower over the other. If India felt that it was being ignored or pressurized by anyone of them. It would tilt to the other. None of the alliances could bully India.


2. Afro Asian Unity-India convened the Asian relations Conference in March 1947, under the leadership of Nehru. India was a supporter of the decolonization process. India opposed the system of apartheid which was a system of racial discrimination prevalent in South Africa. India made efforts for the international conference in 1949 to support its freedom struggle. India was deeply engaged with the newly independent Asian and African nations. This was shown in the Bandung Conference held in 1955 in Bandung, Indonesia.


3. Panchsheel- The 5 principles of Peaceful coexistence is called the Panchsheel treaty. it includes noninterference in the internal affair of others, respect for each other’s territorial area, unity, integrity, and sovereignty.


4. The Constitutional commitment to maintain and promotes peace both nationally and internationally.


More from this chapter

All 45 →
14

Describe any four features of the ideology of the ‘‘Swatantra Party’’ founded in 1959.

OR


Describe the changes that took place in the ideology of the Communist Party of India from 1920 to the first general elections in India in 1952.


 15

Analyze the circumstances that you think were responsible for the declaration of Emergency in 1975.

 17

The passage is given below carefully and answer the following questions :

The old system of social welfare was systematically destroyed. The withdrawal of government subsidies pushed large sections of the people into poverty. The middle classes were pushed to the periphery of society..... Besides, privatization led to more disparities.


(i) What is meant by government subsidy?


(ii) How did the withdrawal of government subsidy lead the people into poverty?


(iii) Do you support or oppose the policy of privatization? Support your answer with any two suitable arguments.


OR


Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions :


The non-aligned countries were more than merely mediators during the Cold War. The challenge for most of the non-aligned countries — a majority of them were categorized as the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) — was to be more developed economically and to lift their people out of poverty. Economic development was also vital for the independence of the new countries. Without sustained development, a country could not be truly free.


(i) Name any two founder countries of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) during the Cold War period.


(ii) Suggest any two methods to lift the people of the Least Developed Countries out of poverty.


(iii) Explain the concept of ‘sustained development’.


 18

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions :

Most of the time, when we read and hear about the security we are talking about traditional, national security conceptions of security related to dangers from military threats. The source of this type of danger to security is another country which, by threatening military action endangers the core values of sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity.


(i) What is meant by national security?


(ii) Explain the traditional notion of security.


(iii) Suggest any two methods to respond to the threat of war from another country.


OR


Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions :


One of India’s major concerns has been the composition of the Security Council, which has remained largely static while the UN General Assembly membership has expanded considerably. India considers that this has harmed the representative character of the Security Council. It also argues that an expanded Council, with more representation, will enjoy greater support in the world community.


(i) Why has the composition of the Security Council been said to have remained ‘static’?


(ii) How has the static composition of the Security Council harmed its representative character?


(iii) Explain India’s view about the role of the developing countries in the Security Council.