‘‘Scholars have written about the harrowing experiences of women during the partition of India.’’ Explain the statement.

OR

Examine the events that were responsible for the partition of India.

‘‘Scholars have written about the harrowing experiences of women during the partition of India.’’ This statement is explained below:

a. The women had faced many traumatic experiences during partition.

b. They were kidnapped, raped, sold and forced to settle down with a new life along with strangers in unknown circumstances.

c. They had to develop new family bonds in accordance with their new circumstances.

d. The government resorted to solve this.

e. Many women were taken away from new families and sent back to the earlier original families.

f. These women were not consulted during this transfer.

g. They were undermined regarding the decision to control their own life.

h. By 1954, nearly 30,000 women were recovered in both India and Pakistan.

i. Whenever a man felt that the women in his family would be violated by the enemy, he killed the women.

j. It is said that many women had voluntary jumped into the wells rather than falling into the hands of the enemy.

k. A few of them even committed suicide for the same reason.

OR

The following events were responsible for the partition of India:

a. The partition of the country was the combination of many politics that had to begin in the early 20th century.

b. The Shuddhi movement started by the Arya Samaaj and the Tabligh and Tanzeem movements started by the Muslims created a sense of tension in the country.

c. A separate electorate for Muslims in 1909 was later expanded in 1919.

d. The Muslim league stated that it should be considered as the sole spokesperson for the interest of the Muslim and that Congress was a Hindu party.

e. In 1940, the Muslim League passed a resolution demanding a separate autonomy for the Muslim majority areas for the Muslims of the country. In 1930, the Hindu Mahasabha and RSS gained support and promoted the Hindu ideology.

f. The cabinet mission plan was sent to India In March 1946 but failed.

g. It failed to put a stop to the partition. Both Congress and Muslims .league did not agree to the proposals of the Cabinet Mission Plan.

h. The Muslim League announced 16th August 1946 as Direct Action day as it won its demand for Pakistan.

i. Direct action riots broke out in Calcutta leading to the death of many.

j. The riots spread to other parts of the country.

k. Hundreds of people were displaced and thousands died.