(i) Given below are the steps for extraction of copper from its ore. Write the reaction involved.

(a) Roasting of copper (I) sulphide

(b) Reduction of copper (I) oxide with copper (I) sulphide.

(c) Electrolytic refining

(ii) Draw a neat and well labelled diagram for electrolytic refining of copper.

Give the steps involved in the extraction of metals of low and medium reactivity from their respective sulphide ores.

Explain the following.

(a) Reactivity of Al decreases if it is dipped in HNO₃

(b) Carbon cannot reduce the oxides of Na or Mg.

(c) NaCl is not a conductor of electricity in solid state whereas it does conduct electricity in aqueous solution as well as in molten state.

(d) Iron articles are galvanised.

(e) Metals like Na, K, Ca and Mg are never found in their free state in nature.

Of the three metals X, Y and Z. X reacts with cold water, Y with hot water and Z with steam only. Identify X, Y and Z and also arrange them in order of increasing reactivity.

An element A burns with golden flame in air. It reacts with another element B, atomic number 17 to give a product C. An aqueous solution of product C on electrolysis gives a compound D and liberates hydrogen. Identify A, B, C and D. Also write down the equations for the reactions involved.