Q44 of 269 Page 152

When the material A mined from the earth ,is heated strongly in an insufficeint supply of air, it produces a solid fuel B which consists mainly of carbon. When another material C obtained from trees is heated in an insufficient supply of air, it produces another solid fuel D which also consists mainly of carbon. Name A, B, C and D.

A is coal; It is mainly made up of 65-95% carbon and also contains hydrogen, sulphur, oxygen and nitrogen.

B is coke; Coke is a fuel with few impurities and a high carbon content, usually made from coal.


C is wood;


D is charcoal; Charcoal is a lightweight, black residue, consisting of carbon and any remaining ash, obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances.


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42

A certain form of energy is available due to the difference in the temperature of water at the surface of the ocean and its deeper levels.

(a) Name the form of energy.


(b) Is this energy ultimately derived from the sun or not?


(c) Explain how this form of energy can be converted into electricity.


(d) What is the minimum temperature difference in water at the surface of ocean and its deeper level which is required to operate power plants based on this energy ?

 43

The gravitational pull of the moon causes the sea-water to rise periodically.

(a) What name is given to the condition of the sea when its water is raised?


(b) What name is given to the condition of the sea when its raised water recedes?


(c) What name is given to the energy which can be harnessed from this natural phenomenon?


(d) Draw labelled diagram to show how this energy can be harnessed to generate electricity.

 45

A certain form of energy which is not sourced directly or indirectly from the sun and does not cause any pollution is very easily converted into electricity. This form of energy is, however, not available everywhere. Moreover, it is technically very difficult and expensive to obtain it. Name the form of energy.

 1

What type of nuclear reaction is responsible for the liberation of energy:

(a) In a nuclear reactor?


(b) In the sun?