Q1 of 8 Page 44

Draw the electron dot diagram of chemical bonds in methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6).

Methane

The atomic number of carbon is 6. Its configuration is 2,4. Its outermost orbit contains 4 electrons. The atomic number of hydrogen is 1. Its configuration is 1. Its outermost orbit contains 1 electron. Carbon and hydrogen thus share these electrons, so that carbon acquires octet structure and hydrogen acquires duplet structure and become stable. This is a covalent compound.




Ethane


The atomic number of carbon is 6. Its configuration is 2,4. Its outermost orbit contains 4 electrons. The atomic number of hydrogen is 1. Its configuration is 1. Its outermost orbit contains 1 electron. In ethane, 2 Carbon and 6 hydrogens thus share these electrons, so that carbons acquire octet structure and hydrogens acquire duplet structure and become stable. This is a covalent compound.




More from this chapter

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4

Electronegativity values of some elements are given. Using these values, find whether the following compounds are ionic or covalent.

(Electronegativity of Ca=1.0, O = 3.5, C = 2.5, S = 2.58, H = 2.2, F = 3.98)


Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Water (H2O)


Calcium fluoride (CaF2) Carbon dioxide (CO2)

 5

Some elements and their valences are given.


a) Write the chemical formula of barium chloride.


b) Write the chemical formula of zinc oxide.


c) The chemical formula of calcium oxide is CaO. What is the valency of calcium?

 2

Perform the experiments arranging the apparatus as shown in figure.


Record your observations and identify what type of compounds sodium chloride and sugar are.

 3

P, Q, R, S are four elements. Their atomic numbers are 8, 17, 12 and 16 respectively. Find the type of chemical bond in these compounds formed by combining the following pairs of elements. Construct and exhibit the type of bonds using different substances (e.g. pearls).

(Electronegativity values: P=3.44, Q=3.16, R=1.31, S=2.5)


1. P, R


2. P, S


3. Q, R