Q5 of 8 Page 189

The conversion of sugar solution into alcohol and liberation of carbon dioxide is known as fermentation. Which microorganism is responsible for this process?

Fungi are responsible for fermentation. The sugar solution is converted to alcohol and carbon dioxide is released. The sugar solution is said to be fermented and gives out a typical odour. The process of fermentation is used for the production of wine and other alcoholic drinks.


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Fungi do not possess chlorophyll. Hence, they are incapable of photosynthesis. So, they depend on either living organisms or non-living things. Name the two types of modes of nutrition in fungi.

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Communicable diseases are pathogenic diseases which are spread from person to person either directly or indirectly. Write the mode of transmission of the following diseases.

i) Cholera, typhoid


ii) Malaria

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i) Identify the following bacteria based on its shape.

ii) Draw and label the following parts of the bacteria.


a) Flagella b) pili c) cell wall cytoplasm cell membrane


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In the world today many industries totally depend upon the microbial activities.

For example, oxalic acid is the fermented product of fungi Aspergillus niger.


Name any two bacteria used in industry with their product.