Farmers consider microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and virus a menace on their fields and gardens because they cause disease to their crops. Name any one of the bacterial disease, viral disease and fungal disease.

Communicable diseases are pathogenic diseases which are spread from person to person either directly or indirectly. Write the mode of transmission of the following diseases.

i) Cholera, typhoid

ii) Malaria

The conversion of sugar solution into alcohol and liberation of carbon dioxide is known as fermentation. Which microorganism is responsible for this process?

i) Identify the following bacteria based on its shape.

ii) Draw and label the following parts of the bacteria.

a) Flagella b) pili c) cell wall cytoplasm cell membrane

In the world today many industries totally depend upon the microbial activities.

For example, oxalic acid is the fermented product of fungi Aspergillus niger.

Name any two bacteria used in industry with their product.