What is pH? Explain the pH range of acidic and basic solution.

pH scale:

i. It is used to measure the strength of any acid or base.

ii. It represents hydrogen ion concentration ([H⁺]) of any solution.

iii. “p” stands for potenz which means strength and “H” stands for hydrogen.

iv. pH is a negative log of the concentration of hydrogen ions:

pH = -log [H⁺]

v. Acidic solutions have a pH less than 7.

vi. Basic solutions have a pH greater than 7.

vii. Neutral solutions have pH equal to 7.

viii. The strength of an acid depends upon the H⁺ and OH^- ions. Greater concentration of H⁺ ions shows strong acids and greater concentration of OH^- ions shows strong bases.